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Creation of models has never been easier - intuitive drawing commands allow for the rapid generation of floor and elevation framing. The state-of-the-art SAPFire bit solver allows extremely large and complex models to be rapidly analyzed, and supports nonlinear modeling techniques such as construction sequencing and time effects e. Design of steel and concrete frames with automated optimization , composite beams, composite columns, steel joists, and concrete and masonry shear walls is included, as is the capacity check for steel connections and base plates.

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ETABS provides an unequaled suite of tools for structural engineers designing buildings, whether they are working on one-story industrial structures or the tallest commercial high-rises. Now I am attempting to crack the Windows user password. If this is successful, this output should be printed, or something like this Crack Windows Password John.

John the Ripper - John the Ripper is an extremely fast password cracker that can crack passwords through a dictionary attack or through the use of brute force. Credentials and files that are transferred using SSH are encrypted. Most Linux systems. Security of your important data is the most crucial concern.

It is common in CTF like events to somehow get access to the shadow file or part of it and having to crack it so you can get the password of a user John the Ripper's documentation recommends starting with single crack mode, mostly because it's faster and even faster if you use multiple password files at a time.

Incremental mode is the most powerful mode available, as it will try various combinations when cracking, and you can choose what kind of mode mode applied to the incremental option. Sep 30, John, the ripper, uses a custom. Main objectives are: Fast: We offer a program with very high performance. Hackers use multiple methods to crack those seemingly fool-proof passwords. John the Ripper and pwdump3 can be. The status line John reports whenever you hit a key includes a progress indicator percent complete for 'single crack' and wordlist modes.

With no cracking mode requested explicitly, John will start.. Weak passwords are the most common threats to the Information Security. John is one of the top 10 security tools in Kali Linux.

On Ubuntu, it can be installed through the Synaptic Package Manager.. Once the algorithm is identified they can then incorporate this into the keygen. Arkaos grandvj 1 5. I tried to crack my windows passwords on the SAM file with john the ripper, it worked just fine, and it shows me the password. John The Ripper. John the Ripper JTR is a very useful and fast password cracking program. It matters little if the network itself is open or password secured. A wireless key can be acquired for the cost of a cup of coffee and gives those that know how to capture and read network packets the chance to read your password while you check your email.

Here a simple general rule always applies: if the cafe offers a network cable connection, use it! Finally, just as at a bank machine, make sure no one watches over your shoulder when you type in the password. Due to the general annoyance of having to type in your password over and over again, you ask the browser or local mail client to store it for you. This is not bad in itself, but when a laptop or phone gets stolen, it enables the thief to access the owner's email account s.

The best practice is to clear this cache every time you close your browser. All popular browsers have an option to clear this cache on exit. One basic precaution can justify you holding onto your convenient cache: disk encryption.

If your laptop is stolen and the thief reboots the machine, they'll be met with an encrypted disk. It is also wise to have a screen lock installed on your computer or phone. If the machine is taken from you while still running your existing browsing session, it cannot be accessed.

If not, be sure to turn it on in your email account settings, such as Gmail or Hotmail. This ensures that not just the login part of your email session is encrypted but also the writing and sending of emails. Even if your emails are not important, you might find yourself 'locked out' of your account one day with a changed password! This ensures that the downloading and sending of email is encrypted, making it very difficult for someone on your network, or on any of the networks between you and the server, to read or log your email.

If you want to use a web service and be sure that your provider cannot read your messages, then you'll need to use something like GPG Appendix f or GnuPG with which you can encrypt the email. The header of the email however will still contain the IP Internet address that the email was sent from alongside other compromising details. Worth mentioning here is that the use of GPG in webmail is not as comfortable as with a locally installed mail client, such as Thunderbird or Outlook Express.

This considerably centralises the potential damage done by a compromised account. More so, there is nothing to stop a disgruntled Google employee from deleting or stealing your email, let alone Google itself getting hacked. Hacks happen. A practical strategy is to keep your personal email, well, personal. If you have a work email then create a new account if your employers haven't already done it for you. The same should go for any clubs or organisations you belong to, each with a unique password.

Not only does this improve security, by reducing the risk of whole identity theft, but greatly reduces the likelihood of spam dominating your daily email. As hosts, they can read and log your email in plain text. They can comply with requests by local law enforcement agencies who wish to access email. They may also study your email for patterns, keywords or signs of sentiment for or against brands, ideologies or political groups.

It is important to read the EULA End-user license agreement of your email service provider and do some background research on their affiliations and interests before choosing what kind of email content they have access to.

These concerns also apply to the hosts of your messages' recipients. Email read, written and sent in the browser webmail , or 2. Email read, written and sent using an email program, like Mozilla Thunderbird, Mail.

App or Outlook Express. The business opportunities opened up by hosting other people's email are many: contact with other services offered by the company, brand exposure and most importantly, mining your email for patterns that can be used to evaluate your interests something of great value to the advertising industry alongside certain Governments.

App aso. In either case, email may still be downloaded onto your computer but is retained on the email server e. Done this way, accessing email doesn't require the browser at all, but you are still using Gmail, Hotmail as a service. The difference between storing email on your computer with an email program and having it stored remotely on an email server like Hotmail, Gmail or your University's service on the Internet can appear confusing at first.

Google and Microsoft do not allow for this sort of setup. Rather this is typically something your university or company will provide for you.

Bear in mind that this comes with the risk of the email administrator on that system still secretly copying the email as it reaches and leaves the server. Generally, using webmail alongside downloading it using an email program is the best approach. This approach adds redundancy local backups alongside the option to delete all email from the remote server once downloaded.

The latter option is ideal for content sensitive information where the possibility of account hijacking is high but risks total loss of email should the local machine go missing, without backups. Secondly, when using an email program, we have the option of using Email Encryption such as the popular GPG, something not easily set up and used with browser-only webmail services. In any case, disk encryption on the local machine is highly advisable Appendix Disk Encrypt ion.

Or your email could be stored on your company or bosses' server. Finally you may be using a service provided by a corporation, like Google Gmail or Microsoft Hotmail. Each comes with its own interesting mix of considerations that relates precisely to the basic fact that unless the email itself is encrypted, the administrator of the email server can still secretly copy the email the moment it reaches the server.

As always, if you know the risks and feel concerned it is wise to listen to them - don't send sensitive email using a service you don't trust. Here, in general, the risks to privacy are not only in protecting your own email against attempts at exploit poor passwords, no SSL but in that you have a responsibility, and perhaps a temptation, to read the emails of those you provide a service for.

The companies hosting your love letters, random expressions and diaries are always at risk of yielding to pressures from political, economic and law enforcement interests of the country to which they are legally subject. A Malaysian Gmail user, for instance, risks exposing her interests and intents to a government she did not elect, not to mention business partners of Google interested in expanding their market reach. Some of them even offer wikis, mailing lists, chats and social networks.

A consideration for organisations working in a political field may be differences of interests between the state in which the email is hosted and the political interests of the organisation using that service. Such risks would ideally be reflected in the End User License Agreement. This of course is most commonly used when an account holder is on holiday and would like email forwarded from their work account to another used during travel or otherwise inaccessible outside the workplace.

The risk with any external email forwarding service is the same as with remotely hosted emails through Gmail for instance: it can be copied and stored. Who can read the emails I send when they travel across the Internet? Can the people I send emails to share them with anybody? Emails that are sent "in the clear" without any encryption which means the vast majority of email sent and received today can be read, logged, and indexed by any server or router along the path the message travels from sender to receiver.

You 2. Your email service provider 3. The operators and owners of any intermediate network connections often ambiguous multinational conglomerates or even sovereign states 4. The recipient's email service provider 5. The intended recipient Many webmail providers like Gmail automatically inspect all of the messages sent and received by their users for the purpose of showing targeted advertisements.

While this may be a reasonable compromise for some users most of the time free email! Additionally, somebody who can legally pressure the groups above could request or demand: 1. In cases where a user has a business or service relationship with their email provider, most governments will defend the privacy rights of the user against unauthorized and unwarranted reading or sharing of messages, though often it is the government itself seeking information, and frequently users agree to waive some of these rights as part of their service agreement.

However, when the email provider is the user's employer or academic institution, privacy rights frequently do not apply. Depending on jurisdiction, businesses generally have the legal right to read all of the messages sent and received by their employees, even personal messages sent after hours or on vacation.

Historically, it was possible to "get away" with using clear text email because the cost and effort to store and index the growing volume of messages was too high: it was hard enough just to get messages delivered reliably.

This is why many email systems do not contain mechanisms to preserve the privacy of their contents. Now the cost of Now the cost of monitoring has dropped much faster than the growth of internet traffic and large-scale monitoring and indexing of all messages either on the sender or receiving side is reasonable to expect even for the most innocuous messages and users.

I logged in from an insecure location I've done nothing wrong Why would anybody care about me? Unfortunately, there are many practical, social, and economic incentives for malicious hackers to break into the accounts of random Internet individuals.

The most obvious incentive is identity and financial theft, when the attacker may be trying to get access to credit card numbers, shopping site credentials, or banking information to steal money. A hacker has no way to know ahead of time which users might be better targets than others, so they just try to break into all accounts, even if the user doesn't have anything to take or is careful not to expose his information.

Less obvious are attacks to gain access to valid and trusted user accounts to collect contact email addresses from and then distribute mass spam, or to gain access to particular services tied to an email account, or to use as a "stepping stone" in sophisticated social engineering attacks.

For example, once in control of your account a hacker could rapidly send emails to your associates or co-workers requesting emergency access to more secured computer systems. A final unexpected problem affecting even low-profile email users, is the mass hijacking of accounts on large service providers, when hackers gain access to the hosting infrastructure itself and extract passwords and private information in large chunks, then sell or publish lists of login information in online markets.

If you find yourself the individual target of attention from powerful organizations, governments, or determined individuals, then the same techniques and principles will apply to keeping your email safe and private, but additional care must be taken to protect against hackers who might use sophisticated techniques to undermine your devices and accounts. If a hacker gains control of any of your computing devices or gets access to any of your email accounts, they will likely gain immediate access both to all of your correspondence, and to any external services linked to your email account.

Efforts to protect against such attacks can quickly escalate into a battle of wills and resources, but a few basic guidelines can go a long way. Use specific devices for specific communication tasks, and use them only for those tasks. Log out and shutdown your devices immediately when you are done using them.

It is best to use open software encryption tools, web browsers, and operating systems as they can be publicly reviewed for security problems and keep up to date with security fixes. If you receive a. Secondly, you can use PDF readers which have been tested for known vulnerabilities and do not execute code via java script. Do I lose my email? Rigorous GPG encryption of email is not without its own problems.

If you store your email encrypted and lose all copies of your private key, you will be absolutely unable to read the old stored emails, and if you do not have a copy of your revocation certificate for the private key it could be difficult to prove that any new key you generate is truly the valid one, at least until the original private key expires.

If you sign a message with your private key, you will have great difficulty convincing anybody that you did not sign if the recipient of the message ever reveals the message and signature publicly. The term for this is non-repudiation: any message you send signed is excellent evidence in court.

Relatedly, if your private key is ever compromised, it could be used to read all encrypted messages ever sent to you using your public key: the messages may be safe when they are in transit and just when they are received, but any copies are a liability and a gamble that the private key will never be revealed.

In particular, even if you destroy every message just after reading it, anybody who snooped the message on the wire would keep a copy and attempt to decrypt it The solution is to use a messaging protocol that provides perfect forward secrecy by generating a new unique session key for every conversation of exchange of messages in a random way such that the session keys could not be re-generated after the fact even if the private keys were known.

It can be difficult to balance the convenience of mobile access to your private keys with the fact that mobile devices are much more likely to be lost, stolen, or inspected and exploited than stationary machines. An emergency or unexpected time of need might be exactly the moment when you would most want to send a confidential message or a signed message to verify your identity, but these are also the moments when you might be without access to your private keys if your mobile device was seized or not loaded with all your keys.

As discussed in the Chapter Basic T ips, whether you use webmail or an email program you should always be sure to use encryption for the entire session, from login to logout. This will keep anyone from spying on your communication with your email provider.

If it is not enabled already be sure to turn it on in your account options. If you are using an email program like Thunderbird, Mail. NOT ES It's important to note that the administrators at providers like Hotmail or Google, that host, receive or forward your email, can read your email even if you are using secure connections. See the chapter Virt ual Privat e Net working in the Browsing section. The essential function of these add-ons is to make the message body but not the To:, From:, CC: and Subject: fields unreadable by any 3rd party that intercepts or otherwise gains access to your email or that of your conversation partner.

This process is known as encryption. Secure email is generally done using a technique called Public-Key Cryptography. Public-Key Cryptography is a clever technique that uses two code keys to send a message.

Each user has a public key, which can only be used to encrypt a message but not to decrypt it. The public keys are quite safe to pass around without worrying that somebody might discover them.

The private keys are kept secret by the person who receives the message and can be used to decode the messages that are encoded with the matching public key. In practice, that means if Rosa wants to send Heinz a secure message, she only needs his public key which encodes the text.

Upon receiving the email, Heinz then uses his private key to decrypt the message. If he wants to respond, he will need to use Rosa's public key to encrypt the response, and so on.

The most popular setup for public-key cryptography is to use Gnu Privacy Guard GPG to create and manage keys and an add-on to integrate it with standard email software. Using GPG will give you the option of encrypting sensitive mail and decoding incoming mail that has been encrypted but it will not force you to use it all the time.

In years past, it was quite difficult to install and set up email encryption but recent advances have made this process relatively simple. See section Email Encrypt ion for working with GPG in the scope of your operating system and email program.

If you use a webmail service and wish to encrypt your email this is more difficult. If you want to keep your messages private, we suggest using a dedicated email program like Thunderbird instead of webmail. FEARS Your browsing on the Internet may be tracked by the sites you visit and partners of those sites. Use anti-tracking software. Visiting a website on the Internet is never a direct connection.

Many computers, owned by many different people are involved. Use a secure connection to ensure your browsing can not be recorded. What you search for is of great interest to search providers. Use search anonymising software to protect your privacy.

It is wiser to trust Open Source browsers like Mozilla Firefox as they can be more readily security audited. This information includes name and version of the browser, referral information a link on another site, for instance and the operating system used.

Websites often use this information to customise your browsing experience, suggesting downloads for your operating system and formatting the web page to better fit your browser. Naturally however, this presents an issue as regards the user's own anonymity as this information becomes part of a larger body of data that can be used to identify you individually. Stopping the chatter of your browser is not easily done. You can, however, falsify some of the information sent to web servers while you browse by altering data contained in the User Agent, the browser's identity.

There is a very useful plugin for Firefox, for instance, called User Agent Switcher that allows you to set the browser identity to another profile selected from a drop down list of options. Cookies present certain conveniences, like caching login data, session information and other data that makes your browsing experience smoother.

These small pieces of data however present a significant risk to your right to anonymity on the web: they can be used to identify you if you return to a site and also to track you as you move from site to site. Coupled with the User-Agent, they present a powerful and covert means of remotely identifying your person. The ideal solution to this problem is deny all website attempts to write cookies onto your system but this can greatly reduce the quality of your experience on the web.

See the section T racking for guides as to how to stop web servers tracking you. Combined with the use of cookies and User Agent data this information can be used to build an evolving portrait of you over time. Advertisers consider this information very valuable, use it to make assumptions about your interests and market you products in a targeted fashion.

While some customers may sing the praises of targeted advertising and others may not care, the risks are often misunderstood. Firstly, the information collected about you may be requested by a government, even a government you did not elect Google, for instance, is an American company and so must comply with American judicial processes and political interests.

Secondly there is the risk that merely searching for information can be misconstrued as intent or political endorsement. For instance an artist studying the aesthetics of different forms of Religious Extremism might find him or herself in danger of being associated with support for the organisations studied.

Finally there is the risk that this hidden profile of you may be sold on to insurance agents, provided to potential employers or other customers of the company whose search service you are using. Even once you've ensured your cookies are cleared, your User Agent has been changed see above and chapter T racking you are still giving away one crucial bit of information: the Internet Address you are connecting from see chapter What Happens When You Browse.

To avoid this you can use an anonymising service like Tor see chapter Anonymit y. If you are a Firefox user recommended be sure to install the excellent Google Sharing add-on, an anonymiser for Google search. Even if you don't consciously use Google, a vast number of web sites use a customised Google Search bar as a means of exploring their content. With the above said, there are no reasons to trust Google, Yahoo or Bing.

So it follows that when you request a page from a server on the Internet your request must traverse many machines before it reaches the server hosting the page. This journey is known as a route and typically includes at least 10 machines along the path. As packets move from machine to machine they are necessarily copied into memory, rewritten and passed on.

Each of the machines along a network route belongs to someone, normally a company or organisation and may be in entirely different countries. While there are efforts to standardise communication laws across countries, the situation is currently one of significant jurisdictional variation.

So, while there may not be a law requiring the logging of your web browsing in your country, such laws may be in place elsewhere The desire to achieve such anonymity spurred the creation of the Tor Project. Tor uses an ever evolving network of nodes to route your connection to a site in a way that cannot be traced back to you. It is a very robust means of ensuring your Internet address cannot be logged by a remote server.

See the chapter Anonymit y for more information about how this works and how to get started with Tor. The phenomenon of Internet based Social Networking has changed not just how people use the Internet but its very shape. Large data centers around the world, particularly in the US, have been built to cater to the sudden and vast desire for people to upload content about themselves, their interests and their lives in order to participate in Social Networking.

Rather, these are businesses that seek to develop upon, and then exploit, a very basic anxiety: the fear of social irrelevance. As social animals we can't bear the idea of missing out and so many find themselves placing their most intimate expressions onto a businessman's hard-disk, buried deep in a data center in another country - one they will never be allowed to visit.

Despite this many would argue that the social warmth and personal validation acquired through engagement with Social Networks well outweighs the potential loss of privacy. Such a statement however is only valid when the full extent of the risks are known. The risks of Social Networking on a person's basic right to privacy are defined by: The scope and intimacy of the user's individual contributions. Position the camera on a stable base, pointed toward you.

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